He was unable to identify his cousin and confused him for his son. While on his break, he suddenly became confused and began repetitively asking, “where are we?” and “what happened?” The patient had forgotten where he lived and who he was working with. Here, we present a rare case of TGA in this study.Ī 62-year-old male presented with the chief complaint of confusion and memory loss that occurred at 9:50 AM, while at work. At the time of the episode, the patient was working his regular job at a fiberglass factory with his son and cousin. Less prominently, but still present, patients display retrograde amnesia and are therefore also unable to recall information that occurred hours, days, months, or even years before the attack. During an attack, patients are unable to encode new information and transform it into long-term memory, therefore, they repeatedly ask questions about their surroundings. This syndrome is demonstrated by a sudden disturbance in memory which resolves in 24 hours or less. This syndrome is characterized by a loss of anterograde memory, that is, the inability to form new memories, with a less prominent loss in retrograde episodic memory which includes recognition and executive function. TGA commonly presents in the seventh decade of life with the mean age range from 61 to 67.3 years, according to Spiegel et al. doi:10.Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a rare clinical syndrome with an incidence of 5.2-10/100,000 per year in the general population and 23.5-32/100,000 in individuals greater than 50 years old. Acute-Onset Amnesia: Transient Global Amnesia and Other Causes. What Does Transient Global Amnesia Really Mean? Review of the Literature and Thorough Study of 142 Cases. Quinette P, Guillery-Girard B, Dayan J et al. Transient Global Amnesia: Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions and Cerebrovascular Disease. Optimal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Protocol for Lesion Detection in Transient Global Amnesia. High-Resolution Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Increases Lesion Detectability in Patients with Transient Global Amnesia. Post-traumatic amnesia, has a history of trauma 6 Psychogenic amnesia, more-so affects semantic memory compared to episodic memory, while TGA is the opposite 6ĭrug-related amnesia, typically has features of encephalopathy 6 Transient epileptic amnesia, typically presents upon waking while TGA does not 6 hippocampal ischemic), typically exists with other neurological deficits 6 The condition rarely recurs in ~5% of patients 5,6. These changes generally appear after symptom resolution, and the highest rate of detection is approximately 2 days after symptom onset 6. These lesions can be bilateral and even multifocal 2-4. Prospective and retrospective studies based on a small number of transient global amnesia patients can detect small punctate regions of abnormally restricted diffusion on DWI/ADC sequences in the CA1 area of the hippocampus (lateral edge of the hippocampal gyrus abutting the temporal horn). Radiographic featuresĬT brain and conventional sequences of MRI brain may show no abnormalities, especially while the patient is symptomatic. epileptic phenomena, stroke, focal ischemia) have been proposed with no consensus on the exact mechanism 1,6. Most cases show complete resolution of symptoms within a few hours from onset of symptoms 6. Episodic memories are more-so affected than semantic memories 6. AssociationsĪnterograde and partial retrograde amnesia lasting less than 24 hours without any other neurological or congestive symptoms 6. Transient global amnesia is most common in the 50-70 year age range ref.
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